An organic compound, the isomer of n-propanol, also known as dimethyl methanol and 2-propanol, is also used as IPA in the industry. It is a colorless and transparent liquid with an odor like a mixture of ethanol and acetone. It is soluble in water, but also soluble in most organic solvents such as alcohol, ether, benzene, chloroform, etc. Isopropanol is an important chemical product and raw material. Mainly used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, plastics, fragrances, coatings, etc.
On October 27, 2017, the list of carcinogens published by the International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization was preliminarily compiled for reference. The use of strong acid to produce isopropanol is in the list of carcinogens of one category, and isopropanol is in the list of carcinogens of three categories.
Chemical properties
Colorless and transparent liquid, mixed like ethanol and acetone
The smell of the substance is miscible with alcohol, ether, chloroform and water. It can dissolve a variety of organic substances such as alkaloids, rubber, shellac, rosin, synthetic resin and some inorganic substances. It forms an azeotrope with water and is insoluble in salt. Solution. It can be ignited and burned at room temperature, and the mixture of steam and air can easily form an explosive mixture.
Isopropanol is prone to produce peroxides and sometimes requires identification before use. The method is: take 0.5mL of isopropanol, add 1mL of 10% potassium iodide solution and 0.5mL of 1:5 dilute hydrochloric acid and a few drops of starch solution, shake for 1 minute, if it shows blue or blue-black, it is proof that there is peroxide. It is similar to ethanol and propanol, but has the characteristics of a secondary alcohol.
Main purpose
It has a wide range of uses as organic raw materials and solvents. As a chemical raw material, it can produce acetone, hydrogen peroxide, methyl isobutyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, isopropylamine, isopropyl ether, isopropyl chloride, as well as fatty acid isopropyl ester and chlorinated fatty acid isopropyl ester Wait. In fine chemicals, it can be used to produce isopropyl nitrate, isopropyl xanthate, triisopropyl phosphite, aluminum isopropoxide, medicine and pesticides, etc. It can also be used to produce diisopropyl acetone, isopropyl acetate and Thymol and gasoline additives.
As a solvent, it is a relatively inexpensive solvent in industry. It has a wide range of uses and can be freely mixed with water. It has a stronger solubility for lipophilic substances than ethanol. It can be used as a solvent for nitrocellulose, rubber, paint, shellac, alkaloids, etc. It can be used to produce coatings, inks, extractants, aerosols, etc. It can also be used as antifreeze, detergent, additive for blending gasoline, dispersant for pigment production, fixative for printing and dyeing industry, antifogging agent for glass and transparent plastics, etc. Used as a diluent for adhesives, antifreeze, dehydrating agent, etc.
As a chromatographic standard for determination of barium, calcium, copper, magnesium, nickel, potassium, sodium, strontium, nitrous acid, cobalt, etc.
Used as a defoaming agent for water-based fracturing fluids in oil wells. Air forms an explosive mixture, which can cause combustion and explosion when exposed to open flames and high heat, and can react strongly with oxidants.
In the electronics industry, it can be used as a cleaning and degreasing agent. In the oil industry, the extractant of cottonseed oil can also be used for the degreasing of animal-derived tissue membranes.
Main hazards
Toxicity classification: slightly toxic.
Acute toxicity: oral-rat LD50: 5840 mg/kg; oral-mouse LC50: 3600 mg/kg, rabbit transdermal LD50 is 16.4 ml/kg.
Irritation data: eyes-rabbit: 100 mg/kg.
High-concentration steam has obvious anesthetic effects, irritating the mucous membranes of the eyes and respiratory tract, and can damage the retina and optic nerve.
Physiological effects are similar to ethanol, almost no accumulation in the body, toxicity, anesthesia and irritation to the upper respiratory tract mucosa are stronger than ethanol, but not as good as propanol.
Headache, drowsiness, and eye, nose, and throat irritation may occur when exposed to high concentrations of vapor. Ingestion or inhalation of large amounts of steam can cause flushing, headache, depression, nausea, coma, etc.
Protection measures
The maximum allowable concentration in the air is 980 mg/m3, the maximum allowable concentration in the workplace is 1020 mg/m3, and the olfactory threshold concentration is 1.1 mg/m3. Operators should wear gas masks, and air-tight protective glasses should be worn when the concentration is high.